Reading with al-Mīzān
قُلْ هُوَ ٱللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴿١﴾
112:1 · no commentary for this ayah
ٱللَّهُ ٱلصَّمَدُ﴿٢﴾
al-Mīzān
al-Ṣamad = absolute self-sufficiency and the term of all need; the sūra as a whole is the positive creed of Tawhid, expounding lā ilāha illā huwa.
لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ﴿٣﴾
al-Mīzān
"He neither begets nor is begotten" — apophatic negation of progeny and origin; pure tanzīh against sonship/begetting.
Theology
The verse is Qurʾanic tanzīh; ʿaql is supporting, the text primary.
وَلَمْ يَكُن لَّهُۥ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌۢ﴿٤﴾
al-Mīzān
"And none is comparable to Him (kufuwan aḥad)" — denial of peer or likeness completes the creed.
Theology
The anti-tashbīh statement in the verse itself — the keystone of the tanzīh cluster.